中国一流大学个性化教育的理论基础与现实困境

Theoretical Foundations and Practical Challenges of Personalized Education in China's Top Universities

摘要:

个性化教育是富有中国文化和教育传统的思想，也是中外学界公认的21世纪国际教育发展趋势之一。本文从教育活动三大主体层面分别探讨我国现行一流大学个性化教育的实践现状及存在问题。在理念层面，我国一流大学的个性化教育要继承并创新中国既有“因材施教”的教育传统；在实践层面，要突破目前主要集中在少数学业优秀学生群体、具有明显选拔性的做法，走向更具普惠性、面向所有学生的探索性实践。为此，建议一流大学在政策和制度层面，完善生师多元评价系统，以撬动个性化教育理念的落实；重塑整全的个性化教育体系，使个性化教育实践从培养特区向全员全段式发展；加强与基础教育改革的合作，在更大范围内带动个性化教育向各学级和全教育场域渗透。

Abstract:

Personalized education, deeply rooted in Chinese cultural and educational traditions, is recognized by both Chinese and international scholars as a key trend in 21st-century global educational development. This article explores the current practices and challenges of personalized education in China's top universities from the perspectives of the three main stakeholders in educational activities. At the conceptual level, personalized education in China's leading universities should inherit and innovate upon the traditional Chinese educational philosophy of "teaching according to individual differences". Practically, it is crucial to move beyond the current practices that predominantly focus on a small group of academically outstanding students and selective approaches, towards more inclusive and exploratory practices accessible to all students. To achieve this, it is recommended that top universities enhance their policies and systems by improving diverse student-teacher evaluation mechanisms to facilitate the implementation of personalized education concepts. Furthermore, there is a need to reshape a holistic personalized education system, transitioning from elite-focused programs to inclusive, comprehensive development for all students. Additionally, strengthening cooperation with foundational education reforms can promote the integration of personalized education across different educational levels and settings.