| 家庭第一代大学生的毕业意向和去向研究 |
| A Study on the Graduation Intention and Destination of the First-Generation College Students |
| 摘要点击： 378 全文点击： 767 |
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| 中文关键词：家庭第一代大学生 就业 升学 中介作用 |
| 英文关键词：first-generation college students employment pursue graduate school mediation |
| 基金项目：国家社科基金“十四五”规划2021年度教育学青年课题“家庭第一代大学生在校表现及其对就业质量的影响研究”（CFA210246） |
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| 中文摘要： |
| 随着我国高等教育扩张，家庭第一代大学生比例急剧增加，其毕业情况不仅直接影响大学生整体毕业落实，也关乎高等教育促进社会流动功能的实现。基于全国高校本科毕业生2022年度调查数据，实证分析发现：两类大学生群体在毕业意向上存在显著差异，相比非第一代大学生，家庭第一代大学生更倾向于选择就业，而非升学；学校选拔性和专业领域会显著影响大学生的毕业意向和去向，但没有充足证据表明它们可以调节家庭第一代大学生身份对升学意向和就业落实的影响，家庭第一代大学生群体通过相对更多选择理学、工学专业改善了其就业状况，相对更多选择农学、医学专业改善了其升学状况；认知与非认知能力是影响大学生毕业意向和去向的重要因素，并且非认知能力在家庭第一代大学生身份对升学意向和就业落实的影响过程中发挥着中介作用；大学生毕业意向和去向存在明显的家庭背景差异。基于此，研究建议高校要加强对家庭第一代大学生群体的精准帮扶力度；政府要继续完善劳动力市场制度建设，强化绩效原则，营造公平公正的就业环境；家庭第一代大学生要发挥主观能动性，有意识地提高自身非认知能力。 |
| 英文摘要： |
| The rapid expansion of higher education in China has led to a substantial increase in the proportion of first-generation college students (FGCS). Their graduation choices not only impact overall graduation trends but also bear significant implications for the role of higher education in promoting social mobility. Using survey data from 2022 college graduates, this study finds significant differences in graduation intentions between FGCS and their non-FGCS peers. FGCS demonstrate a stronger preference for immediate employment over graduate studies. While college and field of study influence graduation choices, there is no evidence that these factors moderate the relationship between FGCS status and the choice between employment and graduate school. FGCS enhance their employment prospects by concentrating in science and engineering fields, while those pursuing agriculture and medicine demonstrate higher rates of graduate school enrollment. Both cognitive and non-cognitive abilities are key determinants of graduate school intentions, with non-cognitive abilities mediating the relationship between FGCS status and the pursuit of further education or employment. Family background also plays a significant role in shaping these decisions. Based on these findings, the study recommends that universities implement targeted support programs for FGCS, governments strengthen labor market regulations to ensure equitable employment opportunities based on merit, and FGCS proactively cultivate their non-cognitive skills alongside academic achievement. |
