| 核心素养的上移——美国顶尖大学研究生核心素养的框架由来与培育路径 |
| The Shift of Core Competencies: The Origin and Cultivation Paths of the Core CompetenciesFramework for Graduate Students at Top American Universities |
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| 中文关键词：核心素养 培育路径 研究生核心素养 美国顶尖大学 |
| 英文关键词：core competencies cultivation paths core competencies of graduate students top American universities |
| 基金项目：2021年度天津市教委社会科学重大项目“新时代研究生教育高质量发展若干问题研究”（2021JWZD06） |
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| 中文摘要： |
| 与不少国家/国际组织主要在基础教育领域倡导培育学生的核心素养不同，美国部分顶尖大学以先声夺人之势，提出了研究生层面的核心素养框架，并构筑了较为系统的培育路径。这一核心素养框架总体上凸显了多元表述中蕴含三大共识性素养的特点，与全球范围内主要在基础教育领域倡导的核心素养框架具有一脉相承的趋同色彩。它意味着面对21世纪日趋激烈和复杂的全球竞争，研究生的素养培育正在向着更全面、更普适的高阶素养转变，也意味着在终身教育的背景下，核心素养的培育不是某个单一的教育阶段就可完成的任务，需要在不同的教育阶段赋予其不同的内涵，以提高素养培育的针对性与贯通性。在市场逻辑的驱动下，雇主用人需求的转向及与之相关的研究生就业领域的转向成为核心素养在美国向研究生教育领域蔓延的主要原因。在研究生核心素养的培育方面，美国顶尖大学通过“增量式改革”的方式，突破了传统专业教育的束缚，走出了一条正规与非正规学习途径相结合、校内校外多重机构相支持的育人新路。揭示美国在核心素养培育方面的改革动向，对于研判我国研究生核心素养培育的未来路向具有重要的启发意义。 |
| 英文摘要： |
| Unlike many countries/international organizations that advocate cultivating students' core competencies in the field of basic education, some top universities in the United States have taken the lead by proposing a core competency framework at the graduate level and constructing relatively systematic cultivation paths. This core competency framework generally highlights the characteristics of the three consensus competencies contained in diverse expressions, and has a convergent color with the core competency framework advocated mainly in the field of basic education worldwide. It means that in the face of increasingly fierce and complex global competition in the 21st century, the cultivation of graduate students' competencies is shifting towards more comprehensive and universal high-level competencies. It also means that in the context of lifelong education, the cultivation of core competencies is not a task that can be completed in a single educational stage, and it needs to be endowed with different connotations in different educational stages to improve the pertinence and coherence of the cultivation of core competencies. Driven by market logic, the shift in employer demand and the related shift in graduate employment have become the main reasons for the spread of core competencies to graduate education in the United States. In terms of cultivating core competencies for graduate students, top universities in the United States have broken through the constraints of traditional professional education through incremental reforms, and have embarked on a new path of education that combines formal and informal learning methods, supported by multiple institutions both on and off campus. Revealing the reform trend of the United States in cultivating core competencies is of great enlightening significance for judging the future direction of cultivating core competencies for graduate students in China. |
